Intraoperative Videogrammetry and Photogrammetry for Photorealistic Neurosurgical 3-Dimensional Models Generated...

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Imaging
• Surgical Education

Background:

• Neurosurgical residents face a steep learning curve for intraoperative orientation.
• Three-dimensional (3D) anatomical understanding is crucial but challenging to acquire.
• Photogrammetry offers a method to create realistic 3D models from 2D images.

Purpose of the Study:

• To implement and assess an algorithm for generating photorealistic intraoperative 3D models.
• To exemplify critical surgical steps, operative corridors, and perspectives in cranial microsurgery.
• To create accessible 3D educational material for neurosurgical training.

Main Methods:

• Photograph-based and video-based scanning algorithms were developed using an operating room microscope.
• Algorithms targeted superficial and deep operative corridors in cranial microsurgery.
• A multicenter approach across three neurosurgical departments ensured reproducibility.

Main Results:

• Twenty-five 3D models were successfully created for common neurosurgical approaches.
• Models allowed interactive visualization (rotation, zoom, pan) from various surgical perspectives.
• While deep structure scanning presented initial challenges, refinement improved results.

Conclusions:

• Intraoperative photogrammetry is a viable method for creating 3D educational tools.
• Interactive 3D models enhance understanding of complex anatomy and operative corridors.
• Future work focuses on refining image acquisition and exploring broader applications in training and planning.