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Complexity-functioning relationships differ across different environmental conditions.

Mariana Mayer-Pinto1, Amelia Caley1, Antony M Knights2

  • 1Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

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Enhancing habitat complexity in artificial coastal structures can boost filtration and respiration but reduce productivity. These eco-engineering effects vary globally, requiring context-specific application of Greening of Grey Infrastructure (GGI) strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Coastal Engineering
  • Restoration Ecology

Background:

  • Habitat complexity is key for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, especially in degraded or artificial habitats.
  • Greening of Grey Infrastructure (GGI) approaches are increasingly used to enhance artificial coastal structures.
  • Understanding GGI's impact on ecosystem functions beyond biodiversity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how manipulating physical and biogenic habitat complexity affects ecosystem functioning on intertidal artificial substrata.
  • To evaluate the impact of habitat complexity on filtration, productivity, respiration, and associated communities.
  • To determine the global variability of these effects in eco-engineered habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Used settlement tiles with varying physical complexity (flat, ridged) and biogenic complexity (unseeded, seeded with bivalves).
  • Assessed filtration rates, net/gross primary productivity (NPP/GPP), and community respiration (CR).
  • Monitored filter feeder abundance, macro-algal cover, and cryptobenthic fish usage across six global sites.

Main Results:

  • Increased physical and biogenic complexity (5 cm seeded tiles) significantly enhanced filtration and community respiration.
  • Higher complexity led to decreased gross and net primary productivity across all sites.
  • No consistent effects on cryptobenthic fish or macro-algal cover were observed; local variations were significant.

Conclusions:

  • Greening of Grey Infrastructure (GGI) interventions involving habitat complexity present trade-offs between ecosystem functions like productivity and filtration.
  • The ecological impacts of GGI are highly context-dependent and vary significantly across different environmental settings.
  • Uniform application of GGI strategies globally is not recommended; site-specific assessments are essential for effective restoration.