Uncommon optic nerve arteriovenous malformation: A case report and literature review

The rapid progress in imaging techniques has led to an upsurge in the incidence of optic nerve arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) diagnoses. Nevertheless, a comprehensive integration addressing their diagnostic and therapeutic attributes remains elusive.

In this report, we present a case of optic nerve AVM in a patient who initially presented with progressive visual deterioration in the right eye. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed an abnormal signal intensity within the optic nerve region of the affected eye, and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) demonstrated the presence of a vascular malformation involving the optic nerve in the right eye. The diagnosis of optic nerve AVMs relies on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). Given the challenging nature of surgical intervention, the patient opted for conservative management. Upon subsequent evaluation, no significant changes were observed in the patient's right visual acuity and visual field. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature review was conducted.

In summary, the principal clinical presentations associated with optic nerve AVMs include a deterioration in both visual acuity and visual field. Angiography serves as the preferred diagnostic modality to confirm optic nerve AVMs. Microsurgical intervention or interventional embolization techniques may offer effective management approaches to address this complex condition.