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Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: updates in diagnosis and management

Roopali Kulkarni1, Eric T Stoopler2, Thomas P Sollecito3

  • 1Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

British Dental Journal
|February 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease affecting oral and conjunctival tissues. Early recognition and management by dentists are crucial to prevent severe complications like blindness.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, chronic autoimmune blistering disease.
  • It primarily affects mucous membranes, particularly the oral cavity and conjunctiva.
  • Autoantibodies target hemidesmosomal proteins, commonly BP180, in the basement membrane zone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mucous membrane pemphigoid.
  • To highlight the importance of dental professionals in recognizing and managing MMP.
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for MMP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autoimmune blistering diseases.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of MMP.
  • Emphasis on differential diagnosis from other vesiculobullous conditions.

Main Results:

  • MMP presents with gingival desquamation, erosions, and ulcerations.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, biopsy, and serology.
  • Effective management involves corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • MMP requires prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.
  • Dentists play a vital role in the early detection and care of oral manifestations of MMP.
  • Timely intervention is essential to prevent potentially blinding complications.

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