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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

24.2K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

11.7K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
11.7K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

8.9K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
8.9K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

3.8K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
3.8K
Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

13.2K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
13.2K

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Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

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Creating chirality in the nearly two dimensions.

Hanyu Zhu1, Boris I Yakobson2,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. hanyu.zhu@rice.edu.

Nature Materials
|February 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique properties despite their thinness. This research explores their definition, physics, synthesis, and potential for advanced chiral devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Structural chirality is typically a 3D phenomenon, but it manifests in 2D materials.
  • This chirality leads to distinct asymmetric optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and mathematically describe chirality in 2D materials.
  • To explore the physics of chiral 2D materials, including van der Waals heterostructures.
  • To review experimental methods for creating and controlling chirality in 2D systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of 2D chirality definitions and mathematical frameworks.
  • Review of experimental techniques for inducing and controlling structural chirality.
  • Analysis of physical phenomena arising from 2D chirality.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key phenomena like circular dichroism, chiral plasmons, and nonlinear Hall effect in 2D chiral materials.
  • Summary of diverse experimental approaches for realizing 2D chirality.
  • Highlighting the potential for novel device applications.

Conclusions:

  • 2D chiral materials offer unique physical properties and opportunities for innovation.
  • Potential applications include chiral optoelectronics and enantioselective photochemistry.
  • Further research into synthesis and properties can unlock new technological frontiers.