Which is superior in improving the performance of short-distance sprints starting in a lateral direction, forward- or...

When athletes in ball game sports start sprinting in the forward direction from a parallel stance, they commonly use the forward- and false-step techniques. Previous studies focusing on the performance of short-distance sprints starting in the forward direction have demonstrated that the false-step technique is superior to the forward-step technique. Although athletes start sprinting in various directions based on relevant visual cues, such as movements of the ball or the opponent players, the effectiveness of each technique for starting a sprint in the other direction is still unclear. This study aims to clarify the effectiveness of each technique in improving the performance of the short-distance sprint starting in the lateral direction. In this study, 20 athletes started 5-m sprints in the right direction from the parallel stance using either of these two techniques. Kinematic and kinetic analyses were performed from movement initiation to the flight phase after the second step in the sprinting direction. The average and terminal sprint velocities throughout this range were larger in the forward-step technique (p = 0.039 and 0.003), indicating its superiority in traveling and accelerating performance. The change of sprint velocity in the initial phase until the contact of the first step in the sprinting direction was smaller in the false-step technique (p < 0.001), although this phase included "false step." These results indicate that the forward-step technique is superior in sprints starting in the lateral direction, and the advantage results from greater acceleration in the initial phase immediately after movement initiation. These findings imply the sprint-directional dependence of the relative superiority of these techniques, providing an impetus for athletes and coaches to consider and establish the effective training and coaching methods of short-distance sprints.