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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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ICAMs in Immunity, Intercellular Adhesion and Communication.

Claudia Guerra-Espinosa1, María Jiménez-Fernández2,3, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid2,3,4

  • 1Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

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|February 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), particularly intercellular (I)CAMs, play a crucial role in immune cell interactions and signaling. This review highlights ICAMs

Keywords:
ICAMsintercellular adhesionleukocytesmoesinβ2-integrins

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are vital for leukocyte interactions and immune responses.
  • β2 integrins are key CAMs mediating leukocyte adhesion and migration.
  • Intercellular (I)CAMs are immunoglobulin superfamily receptors involved in cell adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the role of ICAMs in signal transduction.
  • To discuss the contribution of immune ICAMs (ICAM-1, -2, -3) to reciprocal cell signaling.
  • To highlight ICAMs' function in T cell activation, differentiation, and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pioneering and recent studies.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting ICAMs' role in signal transduction.
  • Discussion of ICAMs' contribution to immune cell functions.

Main Results:

  • ICAMs are significantly involved in propagating intracellular signaling.
  • Immune ICAMs contribute to reciprocal cell signaling and function.
  • ICAMs play a critical role in T cell activation, differentiation, and migration.

Conclusions:

  • ICAMs are not merely partners but active participants in β2 integrin-mediated signaling.
  • Immune ICAMs significantly influence T cell functions, challenging the view of β2 integrins as solely leading these processes.
  • Further research into ICAMs' signaling roles is warranted for understanding immune responses.