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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.1K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.1K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.4K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
950
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

18.9K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
18.9K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.0K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.0K

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Dynamic Phase Transition in 2D Ising Systems: Effect of Anisotropy and Defects.

Federico Ettori1, Thibaud Coupé1, Timothy J Sluckin1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We studied dynamic phase transitions in 2D Ising models with anisotropic interactions or quenched defects. Both factors were found to lower the dynamic critical temperature, with geometric defect properties predicting system behavior.

Keywords:
Delaunay triangulationanisotropydynamic phase transitionmagnetic defectsquenched disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional Ising models are fundamental for understanding magnetism and phase transitions.
  • Anisotropic interactions and quenched defects significantly alter system equilibrium properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of anisotropy and quenched defects on dynamic phase transitions in 2D Ising models.
  • To develop a generalized understanding of dynamic critical behavior in disordered magnetic systems.
  • To explore predictive methods for the dynamic behavior of systems with quenched randomness.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of two-dimensional Ising models with anisotropic interactions.
  • Analysis of systems with varying fractions of quenched defects.
  • Development and application of a generalized dynamic order parameter.
  • Utilizing geometric quantities like defect potential index and dipole moment.

Main Results:

  • Anisotropy was shown to reduce the dynamic critical temperature, approaching zero in the full-anisotropy limit.
  • Quenched defects also lower the dynamic critical temperature, exhibiting a linear trend with defect fraction.
  • Geometric properties of defects correlate with and can predict dynamic system behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Both anisotropy and quenched defects play crucial roles in modifying the dynamic critical temperature of 2D Ising models.
  • A generalized dynamic order parameter is essential for analyzing systems with quenched disorder.
  • Geometric defect characterization offers a promising avenue for predicting the dynamic behavior of random magnetic systems.