Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Further Methodological and Clinical Reflections-Reply.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2026

Same author

Encounter tool for Shared Decision Making about Adjuvant Treatment of Lung Cancer: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Research square·2026

Same author

Comparative effectiveness of sulfonylureas on kidney outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk: a target trial emulation.

BMJ open diabetes research & care·2026

Same author

Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes With Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: Emulation of a Target Trial.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Same author

Clinician in the loop: a flawed solution for AI oversight.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026

Same author

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Analysis of Radiology Reports: Epidemiology and Outcomes of Incidental Thyroid Findings.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Linking QKD Testbeds across Europe.

Max Brauer¹, Rafael J Vicente², Jaime S Buruaga²

¹T-Labs, Deutsche Telekom AG, 10781 Berlin, Germany.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 23, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes four methods for securely interconnecting remote Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks using hybrid fiber-satellite links. These approaches enhance security through multipath techniques and combined QKD with post-quantum cryptography (PQC).

Keywords:

QKD quantum communications quantum cryptography quantum networks

More Related Videos

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Network Security
Cryptography

Background:

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks are crucial for secure communication.
Interconnecting remote QKD networks over long distances presents significant challenges.
Existing QKD testbeds require robust and secure interconnection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and analyze four distinct methods for interconnecting remote QKD networks.
To establish a blueprint for future secure, long-distance QKD network interconnections.
To enhance the security of interconnected QKD networks.

Main Methods:

Development of four novel interconnection methods for QKD networks.
Emulation of long-distance QKD links between European testbeds (Berlin, Madrid, Poznan).
Integration of diverse physical media (fiber, satellite) and key delivery standards.
Application of multipath techniques and hybridization of QKD with post-quantum cryptography (PQC).

Main Results:

Successful emulation of QKD network interconnections across geographically distributed testbeds.
Demonstration of transparent integration of varied physical and interface standards.
Enhanced security through combined QKD/PQC and multipath strategies.

Conclusions:

The proposed methods offer a viable blueprint for secure, long-distance QKD network interconnections.
Hybridization of physical media and cryptographic approaches significantly boosts network security.
Future QKD networks can benefit from these secure and flexible interconnection strategies.