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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
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Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

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The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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Nitric Oxide in Fungi: Production and Function.

Nan-Nan Yu1, Gyungsoon Park1,2

  • 1Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores nitric oxide (NO) in fungi, detailing its synthesis pathways and crucial roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Fungal NO biology offers exciting avenues for future research.

Keywords:
biological functionendogenous productionfunginitrate reductasenitric oxidenitric oxide synthasenitrite reductasesignaling molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Fungal Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital signaling molecule across life, yet its role in fungi remains less explored compared to other organisms.
  • Understanding endogenous NO biology in fungi is crucial for deciphering their physiological and developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on intracellular nitric oxide biosynthesis and function in fungi.
  • To highlight the significance of NO as a signaling molecule in fungal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on fungal NO biosynthesis and function.
  • Summarization of reported NO synthesis mechanisms, including NO synthase (NOS)-mediated and reductase-mediated pathways.

Main Results:

  • Fungi synthesize NO via NO synthase (NOS)-mediated arginine oxidation and nitrate/nitrite reductase-mediated nitrite reduction.
  • NO plays multifaceted roles in fungi, regulating growth, development, abiotic stress responses, virulence, and metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide is a key regulator in fungal physiology and development.
  • Further research into fungal NO biology is warranted to uncover novel insights and applications.