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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
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PARP1 as an Epigenetic Modulator: Implications for the Regulation of Host-Viral Dynamics

Asher A Sobotka1,2, Italo Tempera1

  • 1Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) regulates DNA repair and viral-host interactions. PARP1 modulates host and viral genomes during DNA virus infection, suggesting PARP inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is primarily known for its role in DNA repair.
  • Emerging research highlights PARP's involvement in regulating viral-host interactions.
  • PARylation, the process of adding ADP-ribose chains, is central to these regulatory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of PARPs, especially PARP1, in the context of DNA virus infections.
  • To explore how PARP-mediated mechanisms regulate both host and viral genomes during infection.
  • To discuss the potential of PARP inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating PARP functions in viral infections.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which PARP1 influences genome organization and transcriptional regulation.
  • Examination of viral strategies to modulate PARP activity and their pathogenic consequences.

Main Results:

  • PARP1 participates in regulating genome folding and chromatin loop formation within the nucleus during viral infection.
  • PARPs modulate the transcriptional activity of both host and viral genomes.
  • Viruses can amplify PARP activity, potentially contributing to pathogenesis like oncogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • PARPs, particularly PARP1, play a significant role in modulating host-viral interactions beyond DNA repair.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms provides insights into viral pathogenesis.
  • PARP inhibition emerges as a promising therapeutic avenue for treating DNA virus infections.
Keywords:
DNA virusPARP1epigeneticviral gene regulation

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