Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Zoological Institutions

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Zoological Health

Background:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were first reported in zoological institutions in March 2020.
• Over 94 peer-reviewed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in zoo animals have been documented worldwide.
• Nonhuman primates, carnivores (especially Felidae), and artiodactyls show high susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infections in zoological institutions.
• To identify susceptible animal species and clinical presentations.
• To discuss diagnostic tools, therapeutic options, and implications for disease control and viral evolution.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on SARS-CoV-2 in zoo animals.
• Analysis of reported cases, affected species, clinical signs, and diagnostic approaches.
• Evaluation of treatment strategies and epidemiological concerns.

Main Results:

• Felidae, nonhuman primates, and artiodactyls are most affected, with generally mild clinical signs.
• Various diagnostic tools are available for detection and monitoring.
• Monoclonal antibody therapy shows promise, though supportive care is often sufficient.
• Effective transmission in some species raises concerns about spillover and reservoir formation.
• SARS-CoV-2 in animals may drive the emergence of new variants.

Conclusions:

• Zoological institutions require robust biosecurity measures and surveillance to prevent and control SARS-CoV-2.
• Continued monitoring is crucial to mitigate risks of interspecies transmission and viral evolution.
• Understanding animal susceptibility and disease dynamics is key to safeguarding both animal and public health.