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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), presents a significant threat to public well-being.
  • Particulate matter exists in various sizes, including PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$, each with distinct health implications.
  • The Central Romania Region, with approximately 2.6 million inhabitants, faces potential health risks from PM exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the health risks associated with PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ exposure in Central Romania.
  • To quantify the potential reduction in total and cardiovascular mortality through decreased PM concentrations.
  • To evaluate the overall health impact of particulate matter in the studied region.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the health effects of PM pollutants.
  • Examination of total mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality data.
  • Health risk assessment using the relative risk (RR) formula and WHO guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicate that adhering to WHO (2021) guidelines could prevent over 172 fatalities in Brasov alone.
  • Reducing annual PM$_{2.5}$ levels may avert approximately 188 cardiovascular deaths in Brasov.
  • Toxicity assessment confirms significant overall health improvements with reduced particulate matter levels.

Conclusions:

  • A general reduction in particulate matter significantly improves public health indicators.
  • The study's methodology can be adapted for similar air quality and health risk assessments in other regions.
  • Implementing stricter air quality standards offers substantial public health benefits.