Foot Placement in the Basic Position on the Start Block OSB12 of Young Competitive Swimmers

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Biomechanics
• Swimming Performance

Background:

• The starting block position is crucial for overall swimming performance, especially in sprint events.
• The initial phase of the start significantly impacts subsequent swimming phases and race outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the impact of foot placement on the starting block on 5-meter sprint start performance.
• Investigate kinematic differences between wide and narrow starting positions.

Main Methods:

• Fifteen swimmers (age 17 ± 2 years) performed six starts in preferred wide and narrow positions.
• Kinematic parameters (angular, temporal, length) were monitored across block, flight, and underwater phases.
• Statistical analysis included Fisher's tests and two-sample t-tests with Cohen's d for effect size.

Main Results:

• Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between foot widths.
• The narrow baseline position resulted in faster block time (0.02s), 2m time (0.05s), and 5m time (0.08s).
• Improved flight/glide time and distance, and maximal depth were noted with the narrow stance.

Conclusions:

• A narrow foot position on the start block enhances 5-meter sprint start performance.
• Recommendations include marking the center of the starting block and backrest for optimal foot placement.
• Proper foot positioning is key for improved swimming start efficiency.