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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM
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High Sensitivity and High Throughput Magnetic Flow CMOS Cytometers With 2D Oscillator Array and Inter-Sensor

Hao Tang, Suresh Venkatesh, Zhongtian Lin

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |February 23, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel integrated flow cytometer using a magnetic sensor array for high-throughput rare cell detection. Advanced signal processing significantly enhances sensitivity and specificity for applications like circulating tumor cell analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Microfluidics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Traditional flow cytometry faces limitations in high-throughput rare cell detection due to sensitivity and specificity trade-offs.
    • Hydrodynamic focusing is often required, limiting sample flow and increasing complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an integrated flow cytometer with a 2D magnetic sensor array for high-throughput, sensitive, and specific rare cell detection.
    • To overcome the sensitivity-specificity trade-off inherent in high-throughput analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • An integrated flow cytometer chip utilizing a 2D array of magnetic sensors based on dual-frequency oscillators in a 65-nm CMOS process.
    • Advanced signal processing, including inter-site cross-correlation of sensor spectrograms and two distinct methods for suppressing low-frequency drifts.
    • Demonstration using magnetically tagged dielectric particles and cultured lymphoma cancer cells on a 7x7 sensor array.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high throughput without hydrodynamic focusing, allowing uninhibited sample flow.
    • Drastically suppressed false detection probability through inter-site cross-correlation, reaching theoretical sensitivity towards sub-parts per million (sub-ppM) levels.
    • Successfully demonstrated the system's capability in detecting magnetically tagged particles and cancer cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated flow cytometer with a 2D magnetic sensor array offers a promising platform for sensitive and specific rare cell detection.
    • The developed signal processing techniques are crucial for achieving high throughput while maintaining accuracy.
    • This technology has significant potential for applications in early cancer diagnosis and monitoring, such as circulating tumor cell detection.