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Multimodal spatial availability: A singly-constrained measure of accessibility considering multiple modes.
Anastasia Soukhov1, Javier Tarriño-Ortiz2, Julio A Soria-Lara2
1Department of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Plos One
|February 23, 2024
Summary
This study introduces a new accessibility measure, multimodal spatial availability, to accurately count opportunities. This method prevents overcounting and provides interpretable results for diverse travel behaviors and policies.
Area of Science:
- Urban Planning
- Transportation Geography
- Spatial Analysis
Background:
- Conventional accessibility measures often overcount opportunities, leading to ambiguous results.
- The total number of opportunities is a known quantity that can be used to constrain accessibility calculations.
- Spatial availability is a singly-constrained measure that addresses overcounting issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To extend the spatial availability measure for multimodal scenarios and heterogeneous populations.
- To develop a more interpretable and accurate place-based accessibility metric.
- To evaluate the application of this enhanced measure in real-world urban planning contexts.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of a multimodal spatial availability measure.
- Illustration of the measure's features using a synthetic dataset.
- Application to an empirical case study of low emission zones in Madrid, Spain.
Main Results:
- The multimodal spatial availability measure provides singly-constrained accessibility values that sum to the total number of opportunities.
- The measure effectively handles diverse travel behaviors across multiple modes.
- The application to Madrid's low emission zones demonstrates its practical utility in policy evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Multimodal spatial availability offers a more accurate and interpretable approach to place-based accessibility.
- The method has significant implications for evaluating urban policies, such as low emission zones.
- Future research should explore further applications and refinements of this accessibility framework.
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