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Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
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Distinct engrams control fear and extinction memory.

Jordana Griebler Luft1, Bruno Popik1, Débora Aguirre Gonçalves1

  • 1Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

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Summary

Memory reconsolidation updates original engrams, while extinction forms new memories. This study shows the infralimbic cortex is crucial for extinction memory, and disrupting it impairs fear suppression.

Keywords:
basolateral amygdalainfralimbic cortexnew learningunlearning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Engram cells are critical for memory storage and recall.
  • Memory recall can involve reconsolidation (updating original memory) or extinction (suppressing original memory).
  • It remains unclear if extinction modifies existing fear engrams or creates new ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether extinction forms a new engram or modifies the original fear engram.
  • To determine if memory reconsolidation or extinction involves new memory traces or modifications within existing engrams.
  • To examine the roles of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic (IL) cortex in fear memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Daun02 procedure in c-Fos-lacZ rats to induce apoptosis of activated neurons.
  • Eliminated neurons activated during memory consolidation and reactivation phases.
  • Assessed the impact of neuronal ablation on fear memory recall and extinction behavior.

Main Results:

  • Eliminating neurons activated during consolidation and reactivation significantly impacted fear memory, emphasizing the BLA engram's role.
  • Disrupting the IL extinction engram reactivated suppressed aversive memories, demonstrating the IL cortex's critical role in extinction.
  • No impact on fear memory was observed when removing neurons activated after testing an extinguished memory in the BLA.

Conclusions:

  • Extinction memories depend on the formation of a new memory trace, distinct from the original fear engram.
  • The infralimbic cortex is a crucial node in the neural network underlying extinction.
  • Reconsolidation reactivates the original memory trace, while extinction establishes a new, suppressive memory.