Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

5.5K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
5.5K
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

5.3K
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...
5.3K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

2.0K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.0K
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD01:21

Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD

3.5K
A complete procedure of testing a hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
3.5K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

5.3K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
5.3K
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

5.6K
The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Musculo-skeletal variation in the forelimb of two highly specialised diggers (genus Talpa).

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

From head to tail: does habitat use drive morphological variation in snakes?

Journal of evolutionary biology·2026
Same author

Thermal and immunological stress modulate the locomotor performance of female <i>Xenopus laevis</i> frogs.

Conservation physiology·2026
Same author

Endocranial morphology in worm lizards (Amphisbaenia, Squamata): multiple neuroanatomical solutions to a fossorial lifestyle.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Anatomical description of the jaw muscles and theoretical bite force assessment in South American opossums using manual and digital dissection methods.

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

The Impact of Substrate Properties on the Kinematics of Locomotion in a Limb-Reduced Skink, Ablepharus kitaibelii (Squamata: Scincidae).

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

Tracheal chambers as a key innovation for high-frequency emission in bat echolocation.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
Same journal

PNA-lectin histochemistry shows putative epidermal cells secreting antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii (Boulenger, 1902).

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
Same journal

Cytoarchitectural and immunohistochemical characterization of calbindin and parvalbumin from the primary motor cortex of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
Same journal

A second theropod tooth from the Cauvery Basin reaffirms the presence of troodontid dinosaurs in the Cretaceous of India.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
Same journal

Scaling and ecomorphology of lagomorph body shape and appendicular skeleton.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
Same journal

New fossil unveils the dentary anatomy of the rare lepidosauromorph Cargninia enigmatica from the Upper Triassic of Southern Brazil.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Mechanical Signals in Tissue Regeneration Through Atomic Force Microscopy
09:19

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Mechanical Signals in Tissue Regeneration Through Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 11, 2024

837

Comparative analysis of osteoderms across the lizard body.

Anastasiia Maliuk1,2, Arsalan Marghoub1, Catherine J A Williams3,4,5

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|February 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoderms (ODs) are mineralized skin tissues in reptiles. This study found significant variation in OD structure across lizard bodies and species, challenging simple protective function assumptions.

Keywords:
Squamatabiomaterialsbiomechanicsmaterial characterizationmorphologyreptiles

More Related Videos

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model
08:53

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

9.2K
Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
08:02

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Mechanical Signals in Tissue Regeneration Through Atomic Force Microscopy
09:19

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Mechanical Signals in Tissue Regeneration Through Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 11, 2024

837
Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model
08:53

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

9.2K
Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
08:02

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Paleontology

Background:

  • Osteoderms (ODs) are mineralized tissues found in the skin of many reptiles.
  • They are often presumed to provide protection, but their diverse structures suggest varied functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variation in osteoderm morphology and material properties across different anatomical regions within three lizard species.
  • To understand the diversity of osteoderm structure in lizards and its implications for function.

Main Methods:

  • Whole body CT scanning of adult lizards from three species.
  • Extraction and micro-CT scanning of individual osteoderms from 10 distinct body regions.
  • Characterization of osteoderms using sectioning and nanoindentation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Significant morphological and structural diversity of osteoderms was observed both among species and across different body locations within individuals.
  • The scincid lizard *Tiliqua gigas* showed the most consistent external osteoderm morphology.
  • Greater osteoderm variation was noted in *Broadleysaurus major* (Gerrhosauridae) and *Tribolonotus novaeguineae* (Scincidae).
  • Dense capping tissue, previously reported in other species, was found in only one of the studied species (*B. major*).

Conclusions:

  • Osteoderm structure in lizards is highly complex and variable, not only between species but also within individual animals across their bodies.
  • This variability raises questions about the primary functions of osteoderms and the genetic/developmental mechanisms controlling their shape and properties.