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Aggression

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

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Published on: July 4, 2013

The Relation between Plasma Nesfatin-1 Levels and Aggressive Behavior in Pit Bull Dogs.

Gokcen Guvenc-Bayram¹, Zeynep Semen², Pelin Fatos Polat-Dincer³

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35890, Turkey.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|February 24, 2024

Summary

Aggression in Pit Bull dogs is linked to lower nesfatin-1, serotonin, and oxytocin, and higher dopamine. These neuropeptides play key roles in canine aggression, suggesting central nervous system interactions.

Keywords:

Pit Bull dog breeds aggression dopamine nesfatin-1 oxytocin serotonin

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Area of Science:

Neurobiology
Canine Behavior
Peptide Research

Background:

Aggression is a significant concern in Pit Bull dogs.
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of canine aggression is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the behavioral characteristics of Pit Bull dogs.
To explore the roles of nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine in Pit Bull aggression.

Main Methods:

Aggression tests were conducted on male and female Pit Bull dogs.
Plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine were measured using ELISA.
Blood samples were collected after fasting and refeeding periods.

Main Results:

Aggression correlated with decreased nesfatin-1, serotonin, and oxytocin, and increased dopamine.
Fasted dogs showed lower nesfatin-1, serotonin, and dopamine, but higher oxytocin.
Male dogs had higher nesfatin-1 and serotonin than females, with no significant gender-aggression severity link.

Conclusions:

Nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine are pivotal in Pit Bull aggression.
These neuropeptides likely interact within the canine central nervous system.
Findings offer insights into managing and understanding canine behavioral issues.