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Exploring the Influence of Social Class and Sex on Self-Reported Health: Insights from a Representative
1Distance Learning, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 24, 2024
Summary
Social class significantly impacts self-reported health (SRH), creating health disparities. Sex differences in SRH decrease when considering health behaviors and socioeconomic factors, emphasizing a holistic approach to health equity.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Health Economics
Background:
- Social class and sex are known determinants of health.
- Understanding their interplay with self-reported health (SRH) is crucial for addressing health inequalities.
- Previous research indicates persistent disparities, but the specific mechanisms require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the direct and indirect effects of social class and sex on self-reported health (SRH).
- To identify key covariates for controlling confounding variables in the analysis of health disparities.
- To examine how health-related variables mediate the relationship between social class, sex, and SRH.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the European Health Survey of Spain 2020 (EESE2020).
- Analysis of a representative sample of 22,072 individuals.
- Application of logistic regression models and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to model relationships and control for confounding.
Main Results:
- A clear social class gradient was observed, demonstrating the significant impact of socioeconomic status on SRH.
- Sex-based disparities in SRH were reduced after accounting for additional health-related variables.
- Directed acyclic graphs effectively visualized and guided the control of confounding factors.
Conclusions:
- Socioeconomic factors play a persistent role in shaping health inequalities.
- A comprehensive approach, considering both individual behaviors and socioeconomic contexts, is essential for reducing health disparities.
- Findings inform evidence-based interventions for a more equitable healthcare system.
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