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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Psychosocial distress is a known factor influencing morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease patients.
  • The impact of psychological distress on cardiovascular performance in post-cardiac surgery patients undergoing rehabilitation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between psychological distress and cardiovascular performance in patients after cardiac surgery.
  • To identify specific psychological factors that may impede recovery and functional improvement during cardiac rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-seven post-cardiac surgery patients completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) within five days of admission.
  • Cardiovascular performance was assessed using the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and derived maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) at admission and discharge.
  • The Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) was used to quantify symptom distress levels.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of psychological distress was observed, with over-represented somatic, depressive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism symptoms.
  • 75.4% of patients reported a negative perception of their health status on the GHQ-12.
  • Inverse correlations were found between improvements in 6MWT and VO2 max with SCL depression, PSDI, and GHQ-12 scores, indicating that higher distress was linked to poorer performance gains.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac rehabilitation post-surgery was associated with increased psychological distress compared to the general population.
  • The severity of psychological distress, depression, and hostility significantly limits functional performance improvements.
  • Integrating psychological support into cardiac rehabilitation programs is crucial for optimizing patient recovery and outcomes.