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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Fluid Flow Dynamics in Partially Saturated Paper.

Ashutosh Kumar1, Jun Hatayama1, Alex Soucy1

  • 1Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.

Micromachines
|February 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs) by integrating advanced numerical modeling with empirical data. The findings offer better fluid flow control and optimization for paper-based assays.

Keywords:
HORNET schemeHSMAC methodMicrofluid Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs)capillary flowfluid dynamicsnumerical modelingpore sizeporosityporous media fluid transportsaturated paper substrate

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs) offer low-cost, portable solutions for health and environmental monitoring.
  • Challenges in µPADs include limited flow control and the need for advanced detection methods, hindering widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated approach combining empirical data and numerical modeling for understanding fluid dynamics in µPADs.
  • To introduce a novel numerical model accounting for paper's microstructural properties (pore size, fiber orientation, porosity) across saturation levels.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical investigation of wetted length in saturated paper substrates.
  • Development of a numerical model using the Highly Simplified Marker and Cell (HSMAC) and High Order accuracy scheme Reducing Numerical Error Terms (HORNET) schemes.
  • Integration of paper microstructural properties and saturation levels into the numerical model.

Main Results:

  • The numerical model accurately predicted fluid flow, mimicking the Lucas-Washburn relation for dry paper.
  • Demonstrated increased fluid movement time with higher saturation levels.
  • Predicted faster flow in Whatman Grade 4 vs. Grade 41 paper due to pore size and increased flow in the machine direction for Grade 4.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight the importance of precise fluid flow control in µPAD design.
  • Emphasized the need to consider substrate microstructural properties for optimizing paper-based assays.
  • The integrated approach advances paper-based microfluidics, providing a framework for future development.