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Rubber Compounds from Devulcanized Ground Tire Rubber: Recipe Formulation and Characterization.

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Summary

This study developed rubber recipes to improve devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR) properties. New formulations successfully slowed vulcanization and enhanced mechanical characteristics, enabling significant natural rubber replacement.

Keywords:
GTRcircular economydevulcanizationground tire rubberrubber compoundrubber recyclingsoybean oilvulcanization properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Engineering

Background:

  • Devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR) presents challenges due to its short scorch time and variable physical state.
  • Improving the processability and mechanical integrity of dGTR is crucial for its effective recycling and reuse in rubber applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel rubber recipes for devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR).
  • To investigate methods for slowing the vulcanization process of dGTR.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties of revulcanized rubber compounds containing dGTR.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of various dGTR recipes, including sulfur-, peroxide-, and phenolic resin-based systems.
  • Analysis of vulcanization kinetics and scorch times for different formulations.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties (e.g., elongation) of the resulting revulcanized rubber sheets.
  • Optimization of a semi-efficient sulfur-based recipe using plasticizer oils for natural rubber/dGTR blends.

Main Results:

  • Peroxide and phenolic resin-based vulcanization methods significantly extended the vulcanization process compared to traditional sulfur systems.
  • Peroxide vulcanization resulted in improved elongation properties of the dGTR compounds.
  • A selected semi-efficient sulfur-based recipe allowed for substantial replacement of natural rubber with dGTR without significant compromise in material properties.
  • The addition of plasticizer oils further aided in optimizing the characteristics of natural rubber/dGTR mixtures.

Conclusions:

  • Recipe development is effective in mitigating the short scorch time of dGTR.
  • Alternative vulcanization systems (peroxide, phenolic resin) offer advantages in process control and mechanical enhancement.
  • Sustainable rubber formulations incorporating significant amounts of dGTR are achievable, maintaining desirable material performance.