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Unveiling the Multifaceted Roles of ISG15: From Immunomodulation to Therapeutic Frontiers
Enrique Álvarez1, Michela Falqui2, Laura Sin1,3
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Vaccines
|February 24, 2024
Summary
Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is a key immune protein with diverse roles in antiviral defense and cancer. Its dual function in cancer highlights its potential as a therapeutic target and vaccine adjuvant.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is a vertebrate-specific Ubiquitin-like modifier.
- ISG15 is induced by type I interferon (IFN) and acts via ISGylation, non-covalent interactions, and extracellular signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of ISG15 in immune modulation and cancer.
- To explore ISG15's potential in therapeutic interventions, vaccine development, and precision medicine.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ISG15 functions.
- Analysis of ISG15's involvement in cellular pathways (DNA damage, autophagy, antiviral response, cancer).
Main Results:
- ISG15 exhibits significant antiviral effects through ISGylation.
- ISG15 has a dual role in cancer, potentially promoting or suppressing tumor growth.
- ISG15 acts as an extracellular cytokine and shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant.
Conclusions:
- ISG15 is a versatile molecule with critical roles in innate immunity and adaptive responses.
- Understanding ISG15's complex functions is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies and vaccines.
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