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Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
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Causality between COVID-19 and multiple myeloma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study and Bayesian

Shuaiyuan Wang1,2,3, Na Zhao1, Ting Luo1

  • 1Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.

Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|February 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization increase the risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM). This research utilized Mendelian randomization to explore the causal link between COVID-19 and MM susceptibility.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infection is a primary cause of illness and death in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
  • Understanding the link between Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and MM is crucial for managing MM patients with COVID-19.
  • Previous studies on this relationship were observational and yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between COVID-19 infection traits and multiple myeloma using bidirectional Mendelian randomization.
  • To identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with MM through multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG).
  • To explore potential biological pathways involved in the COVID-19 and MM association.

Main Methods:

  • Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using COVID-19 GWAS data.
  • Multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) to identify new MM-associated SNPs.
  • Co-localization and over-representation enrichment analyses to identify causal pathways and biological functions.

Main Results:

  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization increase MM risk.
  • Reverse MR analysis did not find a causal relationship between MM and COVID-19 symptoms.
  • Co-localization identified genes (LZTFL1, MUC4, OAS1, HLA-C, SLC22A31, FDX2, MAPT) involved in COVID-19's causal role in MM, primarily related to immune function and viral defense.
  • MTAG identified three novel MM-related SNPs potentially regulating B3GNT6 expression.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization are causally linked to an increased susceptibility to multiple myeloma.
  • This study provides the first MR evidence exploring the causality between COVID-19 traits and MM.
  • Identified genes and pathways offer insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Keywords:
Bayesian co-localizationCOVID-19CausalityMendelian randomizationMultiple myeloma

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