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Decrease in Rates of Hearing Loss From Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Over Time: A Database Review.

Sarah Ann Gitomer1,2, Juri Boguniewicz3, Suhong Tong2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A.

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|February 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hearing loss is a common complication of bacterial meningitis in children, but rates have decreased significantly from 2010-2022. Dexamethasone did not reduce hearing loss in this study.

Keywords:
H. influenzaeS. pneumoniaehearing lossmeningitismortality

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis is a primary cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children.
  • While treatments and prevention have advanced, recent data on neurologic complications like hearing loss are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an updated population-based review of hearing loss as a sequela of bacterial meningitis in children.
  • To analyze trends in hearing loss and mortality rates over time.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study utilized the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database from 2010 to 2022.
  • Included children discharged with a primary diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
  • Evaluated rates of hearing loss and mortality, and their association with specific pathogens and treatments.

Main Results:

  • Out of 6138 children, 4.51% were diagnosed with hearing loss.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis were linked to higher hearing loss rates.
  • Hearing loss and mortality rates significantly decreased during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing loss remains a frequent complication of bacterial meningitis, even with widespread vaccination.
  • Dexamethasone treatment was not associated with reduced hearing loss rates.
  • Significant declines in both mortality and hearing loss were observed between 2010 and 2022.