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Related Experiment Video

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

The date/delay effect in intertemporal choice: A combined fMRI and eye-tracking study.

Kristof Keidel^1,2, Rebekka Schröder¹, Peter Trautner³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping

|February 24, 2024

Summary

Presenting future rewards as specific dates, rather than delays, reduces temporal discounting. This date/delay effect involves episodic memory areas and may be mitigated by cognitive control.

Keywords:

date/delay effect episodic thinking eye-tracking fMRI precuneus temporal discounting

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Decision Science

Background:

Temporal discounting describes how future rewards are devalued over time.
The date/delay effect shows shallower discounting when rewards are framed as dates versus delays.
Cognitive and neural underpinnings of the date/delay effect remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms of the date/delay effect.
To analyze how framing future rewards as dates versus delays influences decision-making.
To explore the role of brain activity and eye movements in temporal discounting.

Main Methods:

Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye-tracking data.
Participants (N=31) completed a temporal discounting task in both date and delay conditions.
Analysis of brain activity in specific regions and eye movement patterns.

Main Results:

The date/delay effect was confirmed, with shallower discounting in the date condition.
The date condition increased fixation durations on time attributes and activity in precuneus/PCC and angular gyrus (episodic thinking areas).
More comparative eye movements were observed in the date condition; higher prefrontal activity correlated with a weaker date/delay effect.

Conclusions:

The date condition engages episodic thinking and memory-related brain areas, increasing perceived reward proximity.
A weaker date/delay effect is associated with greater prefrontal cortex activity, suggesting enhanced cognitive control or arithmetic processing.
Findings support the use of comparative choice strategies and differential time estimation in the date condition.