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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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The roles of C-reactive protein-albumin ratio as a novel prognostic biomarker in heart failure patients: A systematic

Roy Bagus Kurniawan1, Pratista Oktafia1, Pandit Bagus Tri Saputra2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|February 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-albumin ratio (CAR) effectively predicts poor outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. This biomarker is linked to increased mortality and hospitalization rates in HF.

Keywords:
Adverse outcomeCRP-albumin ratioHeart failureMortalityPrognostic

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarkers
  • Prognostics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) poses a significant global health burden.
  • Existing prognostic markers for HF have limitations.
  • The C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-albumin ratio (CAR) is an emerging biomarker for assessing HF prognosis.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of CAR in heart failure.
  • Literature searches were performed across major scientific databases (ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus).
  • Studies reporting mortality and adverse outcomes in HF patients with CAR assessment were included.

Key Points:

  • CAR is significantly associated with both in-hospital and out-of-hospital mortality in acute and chronic heart failure.
  • Elevated CAR levels correlate with higher hospitalization rates and increased frequency of hospital admissions.
  • CAR is linked to a higher likelihood of severe New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and advanced heart failure stages.

Conclusions:

  • The C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-albumin ratio (CAR) is a reliable prognostic biomarker for heart failure.
  • CAR is significantly associated with adverse outcomes, including all-cause mortality (cardiac and non-cardiac).
  • CAR may serve as a valuable tool for risk stratification and management of heart failure patients.