Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

Lower GI Series: Barium Enema

269
A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Procedure Details
The examination begins by inserting a lubricated rectal tube into the patient's rectum to administer a radiopaque barium solution. The barium flow is carefully...
269
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

187
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
187
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern01:29

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

115
Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:
115
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

143
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
143
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

840
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
840
Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow

322
The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
322

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Teaching Macrosystems Ecology Concepts With a Collaborative, Adaptable Education Module.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Age-driven marbling in Haimen goat meat: multi-omics dissection of lipid/amino signatures and IMF regulatory networks.

Food chemistry: X·2026
Same author

PCSK9 promotes atherosclerosis progression through the FOXO3a autophagy signaling pathway.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Retrospective study on hemodynamic and morphological characteristics of posterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with fetal-type posterior cerebral artery and their correlation with rupture risk.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Self-Adaptive AdamW-Guided Optimization: A Learning-Driven Metaheuristic for Solving Complex Real-World Engineering Problems.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Characterization and risk of PPDs and PPD-Qs in an abandoned rubber antioxidant production site.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Inverse FIP effect plasma in the solar atmosphere: a synthesis of current understanding and new insights from AR 11967.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Signs of sulfur fractionation under high magnetic field strength.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

First ionization potential fractionation of sulfur observed with spectral imaging of the coronal environment.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Chromospheric dynamics and turbulence regulate the solar FIP effect.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Exploring the link between wave activity in the photospheric velocity driver and the FIP bias in the solar corona.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of first ionization potential fractionation in solar flares.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
00:09

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

9.4K

GPT-4 passes the bar exam.

Daniel Martin Katz1,2,3,4, Michael James Bommarito1,2,3,4, Shang Gao5

  • 1Illinois Tech, Chicago Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

GPT-4 demonstrates remarkable performance on the Uniform Bar Examination (UBE), outperforming prior models and humans on multiple-choice and essay sections. This advancement highlights large language models

Keywords:
Bar ExamGPT-4large language modelslegal complexitylegal languagelegal services

More Related Videos

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model
08:50

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Published on: July 25, 2022

1.7K
DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
10:38

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens

Published on: February 1, 2020

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
00:09

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

9.4K
Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model
08:50

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Published on: July 25, 2022

1.7K
DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
10:38

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens

Published on: February 1, 2020

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Law and Governance
  • Complexity Science

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 are rapidly advancing.
  • The Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) assesses legal knowledge and skills.
  • Previous evaluations of LLMs have not comprehensively assessed the full UBE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate the zero-shot performance of GPT-4 on the entire UBE.
  • To compare GPT-4's performance against prior GPT generations and human test-takers.
  • To explore the potential of LLMs in supporting legal services.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evaluation of GPT-4's zero-shot performance.
  • Assessment across all UBE components: Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), Multistate Essay Examination (MEE), and Multistate Performance Test (MPT).
  • Comparison with prior GPT models (e.g., ChatGPT) and human performance benchmarks.

Main Results:

  • GPT-4 significantly outperformed prior models and human test-takers on the MBE, excelling in five of seven subject areas.
  • GPT-4 achieved an average score of 4.2/6.0 on the MEE and MPT, components not previously evaluated by scholars.
  • GPT-4 scored approximately 297 points on the full UBE, exceeding the passing threshold in all jurisdictions.

Conclusions:

  • GPT-4 exhibits a significant advancement in LLM capabilities, particularly in legal examination contexts.
  • LLMs show considerable potential to assist in the delivery of legal services.
  • The findings underscore the rapid progress in AI and its implications for professional fields.