Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2025
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
Published on: November 30, 2022
Pediatric Trauma During COVID-19: What Have We Learned?
Shiran Sudri1, Shany Shitrit2, Dalit Porat Ben Amy3
1Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tzafon Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel.
Background:
In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel pneumonia-like illness, COVID-19 (C-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. In March 2020, as the incidence of C-19 rose, the Israeli government, like that of other nations, declared a national state of emergency, and a full, general lockdown was announced.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and characteristics of pediatric maxillofacial trauma presentation during the 2020 C-19 lockdown restrictions and compare them to periods outside lockdown between 2019 and 2020 (pre-C-19).
Study Design, Setting, Sample:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted and included all pediatric patients (0-18 years) referred to the emergency department (ED) at Tzafon Medical Center, Israel, and diagnosed with maxillofacial injuries. Patients with missing demographic data and patients who did not complete the medical examination were excluded.
Predictor/Exposure/Independent Variable:
The exposure variable is the date of injury-2020 C-19 lockdown period compared to the previous year (pre-C-19).
Main Outcome Variable(S):
The main outcome variable was the number of pediatric maxillofacial trauma ED arrivals out of total pediatric ED arrivals and out of total maxillofacial ED arrivals.
Covariates:
Covariates included patient demographics, etiology, and place of injury.
Analyses:
The association between categorical variables was tested using the Fisher exact test or χ2 test for binary variables with relative risk when appropriate, logistic regression model used to predict outcome variable. P values were 2-tailed and statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
Results:
The study sample comprised 1174 patients. Relative risk of presenting with oral and maxillofacial trauma out of all pediatric ED patients was 1.85 comparing C-19 period to pre-C-19 period (confidence interval [1.65; 2.073], P < .0001). Most of the injuries recorded during the C-19 restrictions occurred in the domestic environment (56.1% compared to 47.5% in pre-C-19, P < .001). Incidences necessitating treatment increased from 45.8 to 55% during C-19 (P = .002).
Conclusion And Relevance:
During C-19, there was a higher rate of pediatric injuries compared to pre-C-19. The incidence of domestic oral and maxillofacial injuries increased despite the considered home safety.
More Related Videos
09:36Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
Published on: September 24, 2020
09:03Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published on: November 7, 2020
Related Concept Videos
01:26Flail Chest-II
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
01:26Standard Precaution
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...