Scanning electron microscopy of chronically stimulated platinum intracochlear electrodes

Platinum electrodes were examined for evidence of corrosion using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vivo electrodes, stimulated using charge-balanced biphasic pulses for periods of up to 2000 h at charge densities of 0.18-0.32 microC mm-2 geom. per phase, were compared with in vitro electrodes stimulated in inorganic saline using similar stimulus parameters, and with in vivo control electrodes. The in vitro stimulated electrodes showed evidence of platinum corrosion at high charge density and aggregate charge injection. Significantly, the in vivo stimulated electrodes showed no evidence of stimulus induced corrosion. Indeed, their surfaces were similar to the in vivo control electrodes. In vitro electrochemical studies have demonstrated that proteins play a significant role in the inhibition of platinum dissolution: the present study has demonstrated an inhibitory effect in vivo. This may be due to the presence of proteins.