Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

126
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
126
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

217
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
217
Introduction to Epidemiology01:26

Introduction to Epidemiology

725
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
725
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

8.6K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
8.6K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

268
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
268
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

128
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
128

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[The p-value of a test is not the probability that the null hypothesis is true or false].

Revista de neurologia·2024
Same author

[Statistical power in medical research. What position should be taken when research results are not significant?]

Revista de neurologia·2024
Same author

Invasive group A Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus pyogenes): Current situation in Spain.

Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia·2024
Same author

[Characteristics of the new internal resident physicians from Madrid Region, their opinions regarding family and community medicine].

Semergen·2024
Same author

Human intestinal microbiome: Role in health and disease.

Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia·2024
Same author

[The enormous difference between not rejecting a null hypothesis and stating that it is true].

Revista de neurologia·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.8K

Clinical study types and guidance for their correct post-pandemic interpretation.

M Martínez-Sellés1, L Prieto-Valiente

  • 1Manuel Martínez-Sellés. Cardiology Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid. Spain. mmselles@secardiologia.es.

Revista Espanola De Quimioterapia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Quimioterapia
|February 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Randomized clinical trials are valuable, but observational studies and pilot studies also offer crucial insights. All clinical research, regardless of type, should be systematically registered to ensure transparency and prevent publication bias.

Keywords:
clinical trialsmethodologystatistics

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

512

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

512

Area of Science:

  • Medical research methodology
  • Clinical microbiology research

Background:

  • Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are essential for medical and microbiology advancements.
  • Observational studies offer advantages in cost, speed, and studying rare events but are susceptible to confounding factors.
  • Prospective pilot studies share RCT characteristics but lack external oversight and mandatory registration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and limitations of various clinical study designs beyond RCTs.
  • To highlight the potential for publication bias and misleading results due to multitesting.
  • To advocate for the systematic registration of all clinical research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of different clinical study designs (RCTs, observational, pilot).
  • Discussion of statistical principles (e.g., Bonferroni's reasoning) regarding multitesting.
  • Examination of publication bias scenarios in research settings.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies provide valuable long-term efficacy and safety data.
  • Multitesting can inflate the probability of finding statistically significant results (P <0.05) even for ineffective treatments.
  • Without registration, numerous studies on an ineffective drug could create false evidence of efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • RCTs are a primary source of clinical data, but not the sole reliable method.
  • Systematic registration of all clinical studies is crucial for scientific integrity.
  • Implementing mandatory registration for all study types can mitigate publication bias and ensure accurate scientific conclusions.