Effects of normal and pathologic eardrum impedance on sound pressure in the aided ear canal: a computer simulation

Reported herein are results of computer simulations of aided sound spectra in ears with normal and pathologic eardrum impedance. The computer technique used in this study has been reported elsewhere [D. P. Egolf, D. R. Tree, and L. L. Feth, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 264-271 (1978)]. Consequently, to develop reader confidence in the computer scheme, its application to real ears was first tested. This was accomplished by (1) comparing computed spectral data with in-the-ear measurements and (2) comparing real ear minus 2-cc coupler data-both computer generated--with an idealized difference curve published elsewhere [R. M. Sachs and M. D. Burkhard, unpublished rep. no. 20022-1, Industrial Research Products, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL (1972)]. Results indicate that the wide variation in eardrum impedance among normals evidenced in other studies produces a corresponding wide variation in aided spectrum shape. Likewise, simulations utilizing two sets of pathologic eardrum impedance data obtained from the literature show that aided sound spectra in such ears are likely to be significantly different from those occurring in normal ears. These findings suggest, as others have concluded, that there may be a substantial variation in spectrum shape among individuals wearing identically the same hearing aid--even if those individuals have normal hearing. In conclusion, questions are raised about the use of real-ear simulators and the need for a comprehensive computer-based model of an entire hearing aid.