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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Improving Interfacial Stability for All-Solid-State Secondary Batteries with Precursor-Based Gradient Doping.

Yong Jun Ji1, Yong Joon Park1

  • 1Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea.

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Summary
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Doping cathodes with low-cost oxides like Nb2O5 improves all-solid-state battery performance by stabilizing the cathode-sulfide electrolyte interface. This novel method enhances capacity and cycle life, offering a path to cheaper, high-performance batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sulfide solid-state electrolytes are crucial for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) due to high ionic conductivity and ease of electrode integration.
  • The high reactivity of sulfide electrolytes leads to interfacial layer formation with cathodes, hindering electrochemical performance in ASSBs.
  • Conventional cathode coating methods often rely on expensive materials, limiting cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost strategy for enhancing the stability of the cathode-sulfide electrolyte interface in ASSBs.
  • To investigate the effect of doping cathode precursors with inexpensive oxides (Nb2O5, Ta2O5, La2O3) on ASSB performance.
  • To explore the mechanism behind improved interfacial stability and electrochemical performance through gradient doping.

Main Methods:

  • Doping cathode precursors with low-cost oxides (Nb2O5, Ta2O5, La2O3) before cathode fabrication.
  • Characterization of doped cathodes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • Electrochemical testing to evaluate discharge capacity, rate capability, cyclic performance, and impedance resistance of ASSBs.

Main Results:

  • Doping significantly improved discharge capacity, rate capability, and cyclic performance while reducing impedance resistance.
  • Characterization revealed a gradient dopant-concentration profile in doped cathodes, with higher dopant levels at the surface.
  • Nb and Ta doping reduced cation mixing, enhanced ionic conductivity, and minimized side reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface, forming a protective layer.

Conclusions:

  • Gradient doping of cathodes with low-cost oxides is an effective strategy to stabilize the cathode-sulfide electrolyte interface in ASSBs.
  • The protective interfacial layer formed by gradient doping is comparable to conventional surface coatings but achieved at a lower cost.
  • This approach offers a promising direction for developing high-performance, cost-effective ASSBs for sustainable energy storage.