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Prevalence of depression in postmyocardial infarction patients in a tertiary care center in Riyadh
Salem D Alsuwaidan1, Moaz A Bakhaider2, Abdulrahman A Alsenaidy2
1Department of Family Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Depression is highly prevalent in patients recovering from myocardial infarction (MI). This study in Saudi Arabia found over a third of post-MI patients had depression, highlighting the need for integrated cardiac and mental health care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) and depression frequently coexist, contributing to patient disability.
- Depression is more common in CAD patients and linked to adverse cardiac events, but mechanisms remain unclear.
- Assessing depression prevalence in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Saudi Arabia provides crucial baseline data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of depression among patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI).
- To establish baseline data on depression in post-MI individuals within Saudi Arabia.
- To identify potential associations between depression severity and cardiovascular history.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud Medical City, involving 249 post-MI patients.
- Depression screening utilized the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), with positive screens further assessed by the PHQ-9 based on DSM-5 criteria.
- Data on sociodemographics, comorbidities, and cardiac interventions were gathered from medical records.
Main Results:
- The study included 249 patients, with a mean age of 57.15 years; 76.6% were male.
- The prevalence of depression, as indicated by PHQ-9 scores, was 33.33%, including moderate (9%) and severe (2.4%) cases.
- Significant associations were found between depression severity and prior CAD, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and heart failure (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of depression was observed in post-MI patients at King Saud Medical City.
- These findings underscore the necessity of integrated management strategies for depression in cardiac patients to enhance health outcomes.
- Further investigation into the links between depression and CAD is essential for developing targeted interventions.
Background:
The coexistence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and depression is a growing concern, as both conditions lead to disability. Although depression is more prevalent in CAD patients than in the general population and has been associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, the underlying mechanisms linking depression and CAD are not yet fully understood. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients as baseline data in Saudi Arabia.
Materials And Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh. The study population included male and female patients who had survived MI from January 2022 to June 2022. A sample size of 323 patients was initially planned, but only 249 patients could be included on account of exclusions. The patients underwent screening for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and those who were positive on screening were further assessed using the PHQ-9 according to DSM-5 criteria. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, and previous cardiac interventions were collected from medical records.
Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 57.15 years, and majority (76.6%) were males. The prevalence of previously diagnosed depression was 9.2%, and 5.2% of patients reported using antidepressant medication. According to the PHQ-9 scores, 33.33% had depression, 9% had moderate depression, and 2.4% had severe depression. There were significant associations between the severity of depression and previous CAD (P < 0.05), previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (P < 0.05), and heart failure (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study reveals a high prevalence of depression in post-MI patients at King Saud Medical City. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive management of depression in this population to improve outcomes. Further research into the underlying mechanisms linking depression and CAD to develop effective interventions is required.
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