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Related Concept Videos

Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Surface Charge-Switchable Antifouling Block Copolymer with Bacteriostatic Properties.

Arnab Banerjee1, Anwesha Ghosh2, Biswajit Saha1,3

  • 1Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic polymers offer low-fouling properties and can be engineered into charge-switchable vesicles. These Zwitter-Amphiphilic Block Copolymers (ZABCP) demonstrate pH-dependent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Zwitterionic polymers are advanced materials known for their low-fouling characteristics and resistance to biological interactions.
  • These polymers show promise in degrading bacterial matrices and eradicating biofilms.
  • Developing materials with tunable properties for specific biomedical applications is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel amphiphilic block copolymer (ZABCP) with charge-switchable and redox-sensitive properties.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of ZABCP into vesicles and their pH-responsive surface charge switching.
  • To evaluate the potential of ZABCP vesicles as bacteriostatic agents against bacterial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Modular synthesis of an amphiphilic block copolymer (ZABCP) comprising a charge-switchable polyzwitterionic segment and a redox-sensitive disulfide-labeled polymethacrylate block.
  • Characterization of ZABCP vesicle formation, hydrodynamic diameter (180 ± 20 nm), and pH-dependent surface charge switching (zeta potential from -23 to +36 mV).
  • Assessment of protein binding interactions and evaluation of bacteriostatic activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli through morphological changes and membrane disruption.

Main Results:

  • ZABCP successfully formed vesicles with tunable surface charges in response to pH variations.
  • Protein binding affinity increased as vesicle surface charge shifted from neutral to cationic or anionic.
  • Cationic ZABCP vesicles exhibited significant bacteriostatic effects, causing morphological changes and membrane disruption in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized ZABCP is a versatile zwitterionic polymer capable of forming charge-switchable vesicles.
  • The pH-controlled surface charge switching enhances interactions with biological entities, including bacterial membranes.
  • ZABCP vesicles present a promising platform for developing effective, low-fouling antibacterial materials.