Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

2.7K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
2.7K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

6.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.9K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

4.8K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.8K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

16.8K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Precision in Motion: How Plants Route and Control the Mobility of Small RNAs.

Journal of experimental botany·2026
Same author

Cell-type-specific gating of gene regulatory modules as a hallmark of early immune responses in Arabidopsis leaves.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Uncovering the Antibacterial Potential of a Peptide-Rich Extract of Edible Bird's Nest against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

Journal of microbiology and biotechnology·2024
Same author

Streamlined spatial and environmental expression signatures characterize the minimalist duckweed <i>Wolffia australiana</i>.

Genome research·2024
Same author

A somatic genetic clock for clonal species.

Nature ecology & evolution·2024
Same author

Somatic epigenetic drift during shoot branching: a cell lineage-based model.

Genetics·2024
Same journal

The progression of leaf senescence is gated by the cytosolic arginine pool.

Nature plants·2026
Same journal

N-myristoylation-mediated shuttling of TaMP from plasma membrane to chloroplasts increases wheat susceptibility to rust fungi.

Nature plants·2026
Same journal

New tools crack repetitive cane.

Nature plants·2026
Same journal

Somatic embryogenesis resets the epigenetic cold memory.

Nature plants·2026
Same journal

Resetting of epigenetic cold memory through somatic embryogenesis in plant regeneration.

Nature plants·2026
Same journal

Protecting plants, protecting lives.

Nature plants·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.5K

A diffusible small-RNA-based Turing system dynamically coordinates organ polarity.

Emanuele Scacchi1, Gael Paszkiewicz2, Khoa Thi Nguyen2,3

  • 1Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. emanuele.scacchi@zmbp.uni-tuebingen.de.

Nature Plants
|February 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant leaf development relies on top-bottom polarity, regulated by a self-organizing Turing system using mobile small RNAs. This system ensures proper polarity in growing leaves and explains diverse leaf shapes.

More Related Videos

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.2K
A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
09:50

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.5K
DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.2K
A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
09:50

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Leaf formation requires precise adaxial-abaxial (top-bottom) polarity.
  • The underlying patterning principles for this polarity during organ growth are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the self-organizing mechanisms regulating adaxial-abaxial polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.
  • To investigate the role of small RNAs in establishing and maintaining leaf polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational modeling to simulate a Turing reaction-diffusion system.
  • Analyzed the dynamics of mobile small RNAs in regulating polarity.
  • Examined parallels with vertebrate left-right patterning.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated an organ-autonomous Turing reaction-diffusion system centered on mobile small RNAs regulates leaf polarity.
  • Showed that Turing dynamics, transiently instructed by prepatterned information, self-sustain polarity in growing organs.
  • Computational models confirmed the system's adaptability for robust planar polarity and diverse organ shapes.

Conclusions:

  • A small RNA-based Turing network dynamically regulates organ polarity.
  • This self-organizing system accounts for leaf shape diversity across different plant species.
  • The findings offer insights into developmental patterning and evolutionary adaptation.