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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

166
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
166

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Related Experiment Video

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The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Identifying and understanding cognitive profiles in multiple sclerosis: a role for visuospatial memory functioning.

Maureen van Dam1,2, Eva A Krijnen3,4, Ilse M Nauta5

  • 1MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.vandam2@amsterdamumc.nl.

Journal of Neurology
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) varies, forming distinct profiles. Visuospatial memory deficits are key to understanding these cognitive profiles and overall cognitive status in people with MS.

Keywords:
ClassificationCognitionLatent profile analysisMultiple sclerosisPhenotypesProfiles

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly variable, complicating research and personalized treatment.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deficits in people with MS (PwMS) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and classify distinct cognitive profiles in PwMS.
  • To compare these cognitive profiles with overall cognitive status (preserved vs. impaired).

Main Methods:

  • Latent profile analysis was used to construct cognitive profiles from Z-scores of attention, inhibition, information processing speed (IPS), verbal fluency, and memory in 1213 PwMS.
  • Gradient boosting decision trees classified profiles and cognitive status, assessing feature importance (demographics, clinical, cognitive, psychological).

Main Results:

  • Six distinct cognitive profiles were identified, showing varied performance and specific deficits.
  • Information processing speed (IPS) was the most impaired function across profiles, with cognitive impairment ranging from 11.8% to 95.3%.
  • Visuospatial memory was the most important classifier for cognitive profiles (AUC=0.910), while IPS was the most important for cognitive status (AUC=0.997).

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive heterogeneity in MS represents a continuum of severity, characterized by distinct cognitive profiles.
  • Variations in visuospatial memory functioning are the primary drivers of these cognitive profiles and overall cognitive status in PwMS.