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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Exploring Recent Decreases in First Molar Sealants among US Children.

M Lin¹, S O Griffin¹, C H Li²

¹Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|February 27, 2024

Summary

Dental sealant prevalence significantly decreased in children. This decline may be linked to reduced examination sensitivity, potentially due to increased use of glass ionomer sealants, not reduced clinical application.

Keywords:

child health dental care dental caries health surveys preventive care public health surveillance

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Area of Science:

Dental Public Health
Pediatric Dentistry
Epidemiology

Background:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data indicated a notable decline in dental sealant prevalence among children between 2011-2014 and 2015-2018.
Potential factors for this decrease include changes in clinical sealant delivery, dental material usage, and examination accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the reasons behind the observed decrease in dental sealant prevalence in children.
To analyze trends in clinical sealant delivery, dental material use (glass ionomer vs. composite), and examination sensitivity/specificity.

Main Methods:

Utilized NHANES data to assess sealant, untreated caries, and restoration prevalence in permanent molars for children aged 7-10.
Employed Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to estimate sealant and fluoride treatment delivery.
Analyzed changes between two time periods, controlling for sociodemographic factors and examining examination quality.

Main Results:

Adjusted sealant prevalence decreased by 27.5% (46.6% to 33.8%).
Untreated caries and restoration prevalence decreased overall and among children without sealants.
Clinical sealant delivery remained stable, while fluoride treatment delivery increased.
Examination sensitivity decreased by 17.4%, while specificity remained similar.

Conclusions:

The decrease in sealant prevalence is unlikely due to reduced clinical delivery or increased composite restoration use.
Reduced examination sensitivity, possibly linked to increased glass ionomer sealant use, may contribute to the observed prevalence decrease.
The decline in caries among children without sealants might suggest increased glass ionomer sealant use or enhanced fluoride treatment delivery.