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Haematological Indices and Iron Status in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
I R Edeki1, E I Unuigbe1, E I Okaka1
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Email: teeidubor@yahoo.com. Phone Number: +234 7033034988.
Insights
Anaemia and iron deficiency are prevalent in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, affecting over half of those studied. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent associated health complications.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently linked to hematological abnormalities, most commonly anemia.
- Iron deficiency is a primary cause of anemia in CKD patients, contributing to adverse outcomes.
- Hematological changes in CKD extend to white blood cells and platelets, impacting overall health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of hematological indices in pre-dialysis CKD patients.
- To assess the iron status among individuals with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.
- To compare hematological parameters between pre-dialysis CKD patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study included 95 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 95 healthy controls.
- Comprehensive blood tests were performed, including complete blood count, iron studies, and inflammatory markers.
- Statistical comparisons were made between the CKD group and the control group.
Main Results:
- Anemia prevalence was significantly higher in CKD patients (51.6%) compared to controls (3%).
- Iron deficiency was observed in 32.6% of CKD patients, with both absolute and functional deficiencies noted.
- While total white blood cell counts and platelet counts did not differ significantly, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels were elevated in CKD patients.
Conclusions:
- Anemia and iron deficiency are common findings in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
- Prompt diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for anemia and iron deficiency are essential in pre-dialysis CKD.
- Addressing these hematological issues may mitigate associated risks like reduced cardiac function and increased mortality.
Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with haematological changes, the commonest being anaemia. The number and function of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets are equally affected. Iron deficiency is a common cause of anaemia in the CKD population and anaemia has been associated with reduced cardiac function, increased rates of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the haematological indices and iron status among pre-dialysis CKD patients.
Method:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 95 predialysis CKD patients and 95 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. Full blood count, peripheral blood film, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP), electrolytes, urea and creatinine, serum folate and vitamin B12 were done in all study participants. Comparisons were made between results obtained from participants in both groups.
Result:
The mean ages were 58.1 ± 14.9 years and 58.3 ± 15.0 years in the CKD group and controls, respectively. The male:female ratio was 1:0.9 in both groups. The prevalence of anaemia was 51.6% and 3% in patients with CKD and controls, respectively. There was no significant difference in the total WBC count, neutrophil and lymphocyte differentials, platelet count, serum vitamin B12 and folate in patients with CKD and controls. The prevalence of iron deficiency among patients with CKD was 32.6%, of which 62.5% were absolutely iron-deficient while 37.5% were functionally iron-deficient. The median ferritin and CRP were also higher in CKD. (p =0.001).
Conclusion:
Anaemia and iron deficiency are common in predialysis CKD patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid the problems associated with them.
Mots-CléS:
Maladie rénale chronique, Anémie, Carence en fer, Pré-dialyse.
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