Development and effectiveness of a metaverse reality-based family-centered handoff education program in nursing...

Effective patient handoffs are vital in pediatric populations. This study aimed to develop and identify the impact of a metaverse-based handoff program using ZEPETO on nursing students' handoff competence, handoff self-efficacy, learning realism, and satisfaction.

This study used a non-randomized, pre-post nonequivalent group design to develop, implement, and verify a metaverse-based handoff simulation program in a nursing school in South Korea. We assigned 69 senior nursing students from a university to an experimental group or a control group. We developed a metaverse-based, handoff simulation program of family-centered care by building a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) using ZEPETO. The program included an online lecture, a metaverse rounding discussion, and a metaverse-based handoff simulation of postoperative care for infants with congenital heart disease. We measured handoff competence, handoff self-efficacy, learning realism, and learning satisfaction pre- and post-program.

The experimental group showed significantly higher handoff self-efficacy than the control group (t = 3.17, p = 0.002). No significant differences were found in handoff competency, learning realism, or learning satisfaction between the groups.

This study confirmed that a family-centered care-based handoff metaverse simulation program based on the experiential learning theory enhanced nursing students' handoff self-efficacy. The program equipped students to conduct safe and effective handoffs in real-world clinical settings by providing an immersive learning experience and emphasizing patient-centered communication.

Based on these results, family-centered, handoff education programs are recommended to be developed that focus on learning realism and learning satisfaction to enhance nursing students' handoff competence.