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Fish feed composition by high-throughput sequencing analysis: Parasite risk assessment.

Elvira Abollo1, Andrea Ramilo1, Santiago Pascual1

  • 1ECOBIOMAR Research Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.

International Journal of Food Microbiology
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Wild fish used in aquaculture feed can contain parasitic nematodes, posing food safety risks. This study identified Anisakidae and Rhaphidascarididae species in commercial fish feeds, raising concerns for allergic patients.

Keywords:
Allergenic potentialFish feed compositionHigh-throughput sequencingHysterothylaciumParasite risk assessmentPhocanema

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Food Safety
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Wild small fish are economically important feed ingredients in aquaculture.
  • Contaminants in wild-sourced feed can transfer to farmed fish, raising food safety concerns.
  • Anisakid nematodes are known allergens, with potential for heat-resistant allergens to transfer to farmed animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the DNA profile of commercial fish feeds used in Spain.
  • To identify potential parasitic contaminants in fish feed ingredients.
  • To assess food safety implications related to parasitic nematodes in aquaculture feed.

Main Methods:

  • High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) was employed to analyze the DNA of ten dry commercial fish feeds.
  • Phylogeny-based approaches, nucleotide identity estimation, and haplotype network analysis were used for taxonomic assignment.
  • Sequences were assigned to specific nematode species using these molecular techniques.

Main Results:

  • Commercial fish feeds primarily contained species from the genera Sprattus, Ammodytes, Clupea, and Triticum vegetables.
  • Parasitic nematode DNA sequences were identified in the feeds, comprising less than 1% of total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs).
  • Phocanema krabbei (Anisakidae) and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rhaphidascarididae) were identified in 2 and 6 feeds, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial fish feeds contain parasitic nematodes, specifically Phocanema krabbei and Hysterothylacium aduncum.
  • The presence of these nematodes is a significant concern for individuals with anisakid allergies.
  • Findings highlight potential risks associated with allergen transfer from fishmeal to aquaculture products.