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Changes in immune cell subtypes during ageing.

Khin Aye Thin1, Andrew Cross2, Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon3

  • 1Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology between Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|February 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy aging impacts immune cell populations. Older adults (>50y) show altered monocyte and lymphocyte counts, with changes in T cell and NK cell subsets, indicating immune system shifts over time.

Keywords:
AgeingHLA-DR positive T lymphocytesImmuno-phenotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immune system function declines with age, but the specific changes in circulating immune cells are not fully understood.
  • Age-related immune alterations vary, influenced by factors like infections, aging, and cancer.
  • The precise impact of aging on lymphocyte, monocyte, and NK cell subtypes requires further definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in circulating immune cell populations.
  • To identify specific alterations in immune cell subclasses in healthy older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 24 healthy volunteers aged 23 to 89 years.
  • Utilized immuno-phenotyping and flow cytometry to quantify circulating immune cell numbers.
  • Analyzed different subclasses of immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Increased monocyte:lymphocyte ratios observed in individuals over 50 years old.
  • Decreased T cell subsets (except CD4+ cells, which increased) and NK cell expansion noted in the >50y cohort.
  • Reduced classical monocytes and increased CD4+ monocytes were found in the older cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy aging is characterized by significant shifts in both major immune cell groups and specific subclasses.
  • These immune changes may stem from cumulative immune challenges and developmental impairments.
  • Age-associated immune cell alterations highlight the dynamic nature of immune defense throughout the lifespan.