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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
91
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
88
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

309
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

171
Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
171
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

375
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
375

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
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[Retard chronic kidney disease progression].

Max Schuller1, Turgay Saritas2

  • 1Abteilung für Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New treatments like SGLT2 inhibitors and Finerenon offer hope for slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. These therapies, alongside blood pressure management, help mitigate cardiovascular risks in CKD patients.

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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue.
  • CKD is staged by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria.
  • Therapeutic options for CKD have recently expanded.

Purpose:

  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for slowing CKD progression.
  • To highlight the role of blood pressure control in CKD management.
  • To introduce novel pharmacotherapies for CKD and associated cardiovascular risks.

Summary:

  • CKD management involves targeting specific blood pressure goals (<130/80mmHg or <140/90mmHg based on patient factors).
  • Renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors (RASi) and sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) form the cornerstone of CKD therapy.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors are broadly applicable for CKD with eGFR >20ml/min/1.73m2, with treatment continuation recommended until dialysis.
  • Finerenon presents a new therapeutic avenue for diabetic nephropathy (ACR >30mg/g, eGFR >25ml/min/1.73m2), demonstrating efficacy in slowing disease progression and reducing cardiovascular events.

Impact:

  • Expanded therapeutic options offer improved management of CKD progression.
  • Novel agents like Finerenon show promise in reducing cardiovascular events in specific CKD populations.
  • Optimized blood pressure control and pharmacotherapy can mitigate the substantial global burden of CKD.