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Elevated ITGA1 levels in type 2 diabetes: implications for cardiac function impairment.

Mengqi Su1,2, Yilin Hou3, Sidong Cai1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Diabetologia
|February 27, 2024
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Summary

Integrin α1 (ITGA1) is a promising biomarker for early detection of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in type 2 diabetes patients. Elevated ITGA1 levels predict cardiac damage and re-hospitalisation risk.

Keywords:
Cardiac remodellingEchocardiographyHFpEFHeart failure with preserved ejection fractionITGA1Plasma integrin α1Type 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
  • Early identification of HFpEF in T2DM patients is challenging due to limited specific biomarkers.
  • Investigating novel biomarkers is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of HFpEF in T2DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and validate biomarkers for early detection of HFpEF in individuals with T2DM.
  • To assess the association between plasma ITGA1 levels and cardiac structural and functional changes in T2DM patients.
  • To evaluate ITGA1 as a predictor of HFpEF progression and re-hospitalisation risk.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis of plasma samples from T2DM patients with and without HFpEF.
  • Measurement of plasma integrin α1 (ITGA1) levels.
  • Echocardiography for cardiac function assessment and follow-up.
  • Multivariable regression analyses for association and prediction.
  • Analysis of left ventricular myocardial tissue proteomic data from the ProteomeXchange database.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher plasma ITGA1 levels were observed in T2DM patients with HFpEF compared to those without.
  • Elevated ITGA1 levels correlated with left ventricular remodelling and diastolic dysfunction.
  • Higher ITGA1 levels independently predicted deterioration of cardiac function and increased re-hospitalisation risk (HR 2.331).
  • Proteomic analysis suggested ITGA1 influences cardiac fibrosis pathways in HFpEF.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma ITGA1 is a potential biomarker for diagnosing HFpEF in T2DM patients.
  • ITGA1 can monitor cardiac damage and predict functional deterioration and re-hospitalisation.
  • ITGA1 measurement aids in risk stratification and early intervention for cardiovascular complications in T2DM.