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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

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Tympanic membrane perforations cannot be reliably detected using computed tomography based on 15 cadaver dogs.

Scott Stokowski¹, Adrien-Maxence Hespel¹, Elizabeth Drake¹

¹Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association

|February 28, 2024

Summary

Computed tomography (CT) is often used to evaluate middle ear disease in dogs. However, this study found CT is unreliable for detecting tympanic membrane perforations, impacting treatment decisions for canine ear disease.

Keywords:

CT canine ear membrana tympani perforation

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Area of Science:

Veterinary medicine
Diagnostic imaging
Otolaryngology

Background:

Tympanic membrane integrity is crucial for diagnosing and treating canine ear disease.
Otoscopic examination can be challenging due to external ear canal issues or patient behavior.
Computed tomography (CT) aids middle ear evaluation but its accuracy for tympanic membrane defects is questioned.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively assess the reliability of CT in detecting tympanic membrane perforations in dogs.
To evaluate observer agreement on CT findings related to tympanic membrane integrity.
To determine if CT findings can guide clinical treatment recommendations for canine ear conditions.

Main Methods:

Fifteen canine cadavers were used for the study.
Tympanic membranes were either left intact or intentionally perforated via myringotomy.
CT scans were performed post-myringotomy, followed by blinded evaluation by four observers.

Main Results:

The overall accuracy for detecting tympanic membrane perforations on CT was low (44%).
Interobserver agreement among the four evaluators was only fair.
CT scans showed apparent defects even in intact tympanic membranes, leading to misinterpretation.

Conclusions:

CT is not a reliable tool for accurately detecting or excluding tympanic membrane perforations in dogs.
Clinical decisions regarding canine ear disease should not solely rely on CT findings of the tympanic membrane.
Further research may be needed to improve imaging techniques for canine tympanic membrane assessment.