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¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Bio Materials

|February 28, 2024

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Electric fields can disrupt spider silk structure, but a specific low field (0.1 V/nm) in the antiparallel direction improved its mechanical strength. This suggests optimizing electrospinning power levels for better silk fiber production.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Materials Engineering
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Spider silk, particularly from *Nephila clavipes*, is a remarkable natural biomaterial with exceptional mechanical properties.
Understanding the influence of external stimuli, such as electric fields, is crucial for tailoring silk-based materials for advanced applications.
Electrospinning is a common technique for producing silk fibers, but controlling structural integrity under electric fields is a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of varying electric field strengths and directions on the molecular structure and mechanical properties of *Nephila clavipes* spider silk.
To identify specific electric field conditions that may enhance or degrade silk's structural integrity and mechanical performance.
To provide insights for optimizing electrospinning processes for improved silk fiber production and applications.

Keywords:

Electric field Mechanical properties Molecular dynamics simulation Nephila clavipes spider silk

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Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics (MD) modeling was employed to simulate the behavior of *Nephila clavipes* spider silk under different electric field conditions.
Simulations analyzed changes in secondary structures (e.g., β sheets) and hydrogen bonding networks within the silk.
Key mechanical properties, including Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength, were evaluated based on simulation outputs.

Main Results:

Applied electric fields generally disrupted the β sheet structure and reduced the mechanical properties of spider silk.
A notable exception occurred at 0.1 V/nm in the antiparallel electric field direction, which enhanced Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength.
The antiparallel direction proved sensitive, with disruptions in β sheets and hydrogen bonds significantly impacting mechanical performance.

Conclusions:

Spider silk retains structural integrity at an electric field strength of 0.1 V/nm.
Lowering power levels in electrospinning machines may prevent secondary structural disruption in silk fibers.
Findings offer a pathway to optimize electrospinning parameters for enhanced performance in various silk-based applications.