Carcinoma arising from thyroglossal duct remnants.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Surgical Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are congenital anomalies representing remnants of the thyroglossal duct.
• Malignant transformation within TGDCs is exceptionally rare but clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for patients diagnosed with thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma.
• To analyze outcomes following surgical intervention for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 10 patients with confirmed thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma treated at a single center from February 2016 to February 2020.
• Review of clinical data, surgical procedures (Sistrunk's procedure, thyroidectomy, lobectomy), and histopathological findings.
• Evaluation of outcomes through a three-year ultrasound follow-up.

Main Results:

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed in 100% of TGDCs.
• Coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma or microcarcinoma was found in the thyroid tissue of 50% of patients.
• Surgical management included Sistrunk's procedure alone or in combination with thyroidectomy/lobectomy, with no suspicious lesions detected on follow-up.

Conclusions:

• Carcinoma arising in TGDCs, predominantly papillary thyroid carcinoma, necessitates thorough evaluation of the thyroid gland and lymph nodes for malignancy.
• Surgical intervention remains the primary modality for managing TGDC carcinoma.
• Despite rarity, vigilant assessment and management are crucial for favorable outcomes.