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Related Concept Videos

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
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The last step to achieve barrier damage control.

Ilaria Baglivo1, Stefania Colantuono2, Arianna Lumaca3

  • 1Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory diseases show heterogeneity, involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) inhibition shows promise for controlling barrier damage in conditions like severe asthma.

Keywords:
alarminseosinophilsepithelial barrier damageimmune systemnon-T2 inflammationtezepelumabtype 2 inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and inflammation research.
  • Focus on type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Background:

  • Inflammatory diseases exhibit significant heterogeneity with distinct phenotypes and endotypes.
  • Both innate and adaptive immunity are implicated in disease pathogenesis.
  • Barrier damage is a key factor, often initiating type 2 inflammation via alarmins like Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in TSLP inhibition.
  • To explore future applications of TSLP inhibition in managing barrier damage.
  • To analyze the role of TSLP in inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Perspective review of existing literature and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of TSLP's role in immunopathology.
  • Evaluation of anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Anti-TSLP monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in severe asthma.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are investigating TSLP inhibition for other eosinophilic diseases.
  • TSLP inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling barrier damage.

Conclusions:

  • TSLP plays a critical role in inflammatory disease pathogenesis, particularly in barrier damage.
  • Targeting TSLP represents a promising therapeutic avenue for various inflammatory and eosinophilic conditions.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of TSLP inhibition.