The comparison between various methods of mandibular reconstruction based on finite element analysis

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Medical Device Design

Background:

• Mandibular defects from pathology, trauma, or infection necessitate surgical reconstruction.
• Maintaining facial symmetry and function requires effective mandibular reconstruction methods.
• Reconstruction plates are vital for stabilizing the mandible post-resection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the biomechanical efficacy of different macro plate configurations for mandibular reconstruction.
• To determine the optimal number and placement of screws and plates for stress reduction and functional restoration.
• To compare the effects of single versus double macro plate fixation on mandibular stability and masticatory forces.

Main Methods:

• Development of a finite element model of a human mandible and masticatory muscles.
• Simulation of mandibular resection and reconstruction using macro plates under various conditions.
• Analysis of bite force, screw stress, and macro plate stress using finite element analysis.

Main Results:

• Maximum bite force and minimal screw stress were observed with one macro plate and six screws in the mid-body.
• Using two macro plates resulted in lower stress on the plates compared to a single plate.
• The configuration with one macro plate and six screws demonstrated superior mandibular immobilization.

Conclusions:

• One macro plate with six screws is the preferred method for mandibular immobilization, balancing bite force and stress.
• Dual macro plate fixation or single plate mid-body placement are also viable options due to reduced stress.
• Finite element analysis provides valuable insights for optimizing surgical reconstruction techniques.